OVERVIEW
Domain Name System (DNS)
Domain Name System or DNS, can also be referred as Domain Name Service is the mapping of a domain name to its IP address. Example of this mapping, Domain Name: uplb.edu.ph <=> IP Address: 202.92.144.108
So when you type thee IP address on the web browser, it will only redirect the page to the UPLB homepage, same as when you type the domain name.
Domain Name System Server (DNS Server)
DNS Server's purpose is to collect the domain name mapping available in the server.
Process of DNS Mapping:
- Web Browser sends request for a domain name or IP address to the DNS Resolver. The DNS Resolver is built-in in operating systems.
- DNS Resolver will contact the DNS Server to locate the domain name or IP address on its database.
- If the DNS Server already locate the domain name or IP address, it will send the domain name or IP address back to the Web Browser.
- Web Browser can now display the content of the domain name or IP address.
Concepts/Functionalities of DNS Server
CACHING - storing mapping of domain name to a local copy.
REDUNDANCY - the mapping can be distributed to other location.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
The goal of this activity is to create a DNS server that will accommodate five different hosts (computers), and to be able for the other hosts to communicate with each other using the established DNS server.
GUIDES IN SOLVING THE PROBLEM
To be able to create a DNS server, the following steps or process should be followed.
Steps/Process:
1. Install the package bind using this command:
$ sudo apt-get install bind9.
2. Go to the directory where bind is $ cd /etc/bind.
3. Edit the named.conf.local file.
The named.conf.local file will be responsible for the creation of the domain name where all the hosts will be connected. The IP address of the domain name will also be included in this file.
4. Create a forward zone file $ sudo vi db.bioneel.com.
The forward zone file named db.bioneel.com contains the mapping domain name to the IP addresses of the hosts that will connect to domain bioneel.com.
5. Create the reverse zone file $ sudo vi db.192.168.1
The reverse zone file named db.192.168.1 contains the mapping of the IP addresses to the domain name of the hosts that will connect to the domain bioneel.com.
6. Edit the resolv.conf file located in the etc folder.
The resolv.conf file should contain the domain name where the hosts will connect named as bioneel.com, and the IP address of your computer that will connect to the server.
7. Check the forward zone and reverse zone file if there errors using the named-checkzone.
$ named-checkzone bioneel.com db.bioneel.com will check the forward zone file db.bioneel.com for errors. If the terminal return an OK message, then there exist no errors on the file.
$ named-checkzone 192.168.1 db.192.168.1 will check the reverse zone file db.192.168.1 for errors. If the terminal return an OK message, then there exist no errors on the file.
8. After checking the errors, use $ sudo /etc/init.d/bind9 restart to ready the server for communication.
9. After the terminal return the message OK, try to ping the computers connected to the server. (*Note: Only the specified hosts in the forward zone and reverse zone files are capable of connecting to the server.)
**When trying to ping the other computers using its IP address, i.e. ping 192.168.1.7 the computer will be unreachable. But, when trying to use the domain name of the computer, i.e. ping mbgaspar.bioneel.com, there sis a connection established.
LEARNING AND INSIGHTS
Establishing connection with the other computers using the concept of the DNS server is really hard (based on what we experienced in the laboratory). Concepts on establishing a server should be fully understand. On our case, we cannot connect to each other at first because we all have different domain name (main domain name for connecting the other computers). The result is that we cannot communicate with each other. So when we fixed this problem, we can now establish connection to each other =)
***CONFESSION:
There are no screenshots on the supposed connection established between my computer to the other computers. But, I have tried it on the original week this activity was conducted. I haven't taken the screenshots because it is already time. We needed to already get out of the room because the next class is already there. But, I have tried to established connection to other computers on the last minutes of the class. I really do :D
CONCLUSION
The activity shows the student on how difficult it is to establish connection on five different hosts using the setup DNS server. Even though difficulties arise, the activity pushed through because everyone have the will to share their knowledge with everyone to have the correct output. It is important that the concepts on DNS server are fully understood to complete this activity.
Steps/Process:
1. Install the package bind using this command:
$ sudo apt-get install bind9.
2. Go to the directory where bind is $ cd /etc/bind.
3. Edit the named.conf.local file.
 |
| Edit named.conf.local file |
4. Create a forward zone file $ sudo vi db.bioneel.com.
 |
| Creation of the forward zone file named db.bioneel.com |
5. Create the reverse zone file $ sudo vi db.192.168.1
 |
| Creation of the reverse zone file named db.192.168.1 |
6. Edit the resolv.conf file located in the etc folder.
 |
| Edit the resolv.conf file in the etc folder |
7. Check the forward zone and reverse zone file if there errors using the named-checkzone.
 | |
| Use the named-checkzone to check errors on the forward zone and reverse zone files |
$ named-checkzone 192.168.1 db.192.168.1 will check the reverse zone file db.192.168.1 for errors. If the terminal return an OK message, then there exist no errors on the file.
8. After checking the errors, use $ sudo /etc/init.d/bind9 restart to ready the server for communication.
9. After the terminal return the message OK, try to ping the computers connected to the server. (*Note: Only the specified hosts in the forward zone and reverse zone files are capable of connecting to the server.)
**When trying to ping the other computers using its IP address, i.e. ping 192.168.1.7 the computer will be unreachable. But, when trying to use the domain name of the computer, i.e. ping mbgaspar.bioneel.com, there sis a connection established.
LEARNING AND INSIGHTS
Establishing connection with the other computers using the concept of the DNS server is really hard (based on what we experienced in the laboratory). Concepts on establishing a server should be fully understand. On our case, we cannot connect to each other at first because we all have different domain name (main domain name for connecting the other computers). The result is that we cannot communicate with each other. So when we fixed this problem, we can now establish connection to each other =)
***CONFESSION:
There are no screenshots on the supposed connection established between my computer to the other computers. But, I have tried it on the original week this activity was conducted. I haven't taken the screenshots because it is already time. We needed to already get out of the room because the next class is already there. But, I have tried to established connection to other computers on the last minutes of the class. I really do :D
CONCLUSION
The activity shows the student on how difficult it is to establish connection on five different hosts using the setup DNS server. Even though difficulties arise, the activity pushed through because everyone have the will to share their knowledge with everyone to have the correct output. It is important that the concepts on DNS server are fully understood to complete this activity.
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